Epistaxis

Epistaxis or nasal haemorrhage or nose bleed is characterised by haemorrhage from the nose, usually due to rupture of small vessels overlying the anterior part of the cartilaginous nasal septum. It is very common feature of of the childhood and a varied etiology ranging from traumatic to serious blood dyscrasias. The common site of the nose bleeding is the anterior part of the nasal septum approximately 1 cm above the nasal orifices. The mucosa of the nasal conchae or other parts of the nose is less likely to bleed. Bleeding is usually of sudden onset without any apparent cause and very often it ceases spontaneously through some times it may go on for a long time draining the patient of blood, slowing down the pulse rate and causing constitutional debility and fainting. The blood may be either of bright red colour or clotted, coagulated or dark, black or fluid or pale or stringy.
Causes
Numerous causes are assigned to Epistaxis, but most frequent cause in children is nasal trauma including blow on the nose, picking the nose, injuries to the nasal mucosa or removal of hard, crusts, general congestion caused by adenoids, foreign bodies violent exertion and from colds and other infections. Besides, atherosclerosis, disease of the heart, kidneys, liver, etc, also produce copious haemorrhage. Yet other causes of Epistaxis may be bleeding polypus, bronchitis, whooping cough, pernicious anaemia, leukemia, acute infectious fevers, influenza,  malaria, and high blood pressure. Some of the rare causes may be mountaineering, aeroplane journey and poisoning by some drugs especially quinine and salicylates. In New born infants a recurrent nasal discharge, which is blood stained should arouse suspicious of nasal diphtheria,  foreign bodies or congenital syphilis.
Constitutional causes
The children of psoric and tubercular constitution suffer from nasal haemorrhage more frequently of other than Constitutions. In tubercular children, Nasal haemorrhage are profuse, bright red, difficult to arrest and are ameliorated by cold applications. Over heating and violent exercises will often trigger off the haemorrhage. The children will have a haemorrhage from the nose on the slightest provocation, that is blowing the nose, a slight blow, or washing the face, etc. In this constitution, Epistaxis often proves to be beneficial as it ameliorated headaches, vertigoes and congestion to the brain and head
Effects
The Epistaxis in infants and young children may result in swallowing of blood which may consequently result in haematemesis ( vomiting of blood)
Preventive Children who are given to the attacks of Epistaxis should avoid violent exercise and other exertions. They should avoid exposure to hot sun which may cause congestion of head and lead to Epistaxis. Some of the conditions like nasal polypi, adenoids, whooping cough, nasal catarrhal, anaemia and fever should be treated properly with due regards to the Constitution of the child to avoid recurrence of Epistaxis.

The child should be put in the bed with his head propped high or two or three pillows and his nasal wings should be pressed to the septum to stop the bleeding. Child should be asked to hold the hands as high above the head as possible. Cold application to any part of the head constricts the bleeding vessels and helps to stop bleeding.
Homoeopathic therapeutics.
Aconite useful for violent bleeding in plethoric patients as a result of over heating or due to rush of blood to the head. This remedy is especially useful when Epistaxis is associated with headache or with cough.. Ammonium carb  this remedy is useful in Epistaxis coming on after washing face in cold water, in morning. Bleeding may also occur after eating, after blowing the nose or during headache.
Arnica This is one of the important remedies for Epistaxis caused by a blow, fall or any external injury. The nose may feel hot and bleeding bright or dark or pale colour. Epistaxis during whooping cough or typhoid fever is also covered by this remedy.
Belladonna  Epistaxis from congestion to head with flushed face injected eyes and throbbing in temples. The blood is bright red or clotted, coagulated or dark black and usually comes on at night. This remedy is also useful in case of infants when the nasal discharge is blood strained.
Bryonia Epistaxis in the morning after rising particularly at 3/4 o'clock in the morning. In young girls, frequent bleeding of nose when menses should appear, this remedy will be of particular use.
Carbo veg  Daily attacks of Epistaxis with pale face before and after attack is highly indicative of this remedy. The Epistaxis usually comes in the morning when the child is still in the bed or at night. The bleeding is periodic in nature and persistent and greatly debilitates the child.
China Useful in debilitated children who have frequent and long attacks of Nasal haemorrhage with great pallor of face and coldness, convulsions and twitching. Habitual and easy bleeding from nose even with slightest touch is successfully cured by this remedy..
Croc  The Nasal haemorrhage is accompanied by cold sweat on forehead in hot weather or in diphtheria and is usually of persistent nature. Better in open air.
Crotalus horridus Epistaxis with black and stringy blood ozaena and occurring after eruptive fevers or syphilis. As this remedy causes blood decomposition and haemorrhage, the children showing general tendency to hemorrhagic diathesis are especially benefited by this remedy. The Epistaxis from the blowing the nose or during whooping cough or typhoid fever is also relieved by this remedy.
Ferrum phos This is one of the important remedies for Epistaxis when the blood is bright red and comes out in the form of a steady flow. Bleeding from blowing the nose, during fever and during headache or cough is often relived by this remedy.
Hamamlis  This is one of the often used remedies for Epistaxis when bleeding is profuse with tightness in bridge of nose. The nature of bleeding is characterised by passive, venous flow and the blood is non coagulated. This remedy is also useful in frequent oozing of dark fluid and in haemorrhagic tendency.
Ipeca  when the bleeding is bright red or clotted and coagulated. Epistaxis in whooping cough and diphtheria is also relived by this remedy. Epistaxis accompanied by nausea and dyspnoea often calls for this remedy.
Lachesis Blood containing flakes of decomposed blood looking like charred straw after drying. This remedy is useful in Epistaxis during hot weather and during typhoid fever.
Millefolium One of the characteristic symptoms of this remedy is piercing pain from eyes to the root of nose.
Phosphorus This remedy is especially useful in tall and slim girls approaching puberty, who suffer from vicarious menstruation ( Epistaxis from suppressed menstruation) . Chronic Epistaxis with small haemorrhages, handkerchief is always bloody. Nasal haemorrhage due to bleeding polypi. The bleeding usually comes in morning or in evening. The haemorrhage may come suddenly on touch and due to strong odours or sound. Better by cold application, open air and lying on right side.
Pulsatilla Useful in young girls suffering from vicarious menstruation.
Bleeding may occur during evening or at night and may be aggravated by blowing the nose especially in the morning and with hard coughing. The Pulsatilla patient often suffers from nasal haemorrhage after being wet and by sitting in a warm stuffy room. The blood is often black and clotted. Epistaxis in sensitive, gentle weepy children will often call for this remedy.
Sulphur Children given to repeated attacks of Epistaxis are specially benefited by this remedy. Sulphur being a strong anti psoric often helps children of psoric constitution who have bright red lips and red and scabby nasal alae. Epistaxis due to dry scabs forming in the nose which when dislodge cause bleeding. Also haemorrhage due to nasal polypi and adenoids.
Tub Children tubercular constitution are benefited by this remedy. Bleeding occuring on slighted provocation namely on touch, blowing the nose, washing the face, as well as over heating and exercise often calls for this remedy on constitutional plane.
Some case
An 11 years old boy was brought to me by his worried mother of recurrent nasal haemorrhage. The child was robust and in good health and often complained of headache especially in the morning after arising. The mother reported that the child had frequent attacks of nose bleeding, mainly in hot weather and from blow and sudden touch. The blood was usually of dark colour and was profuse. The child was more liable to Nasal haemorrhage when he suffered from headache. On further interrogation, it was learnt that the bleeding was generally profuse and more from the left nostril which was slightly better after lying on the right side. Based on the above symptoms the boy was administered Lachesis 0/12 potency (50 millisimal scale)  in repeated doses for 3 days. After about a month, the mother reported that the frequency and the intensity of bleeding had greatly reduced. To the great joy and the amazement of the mother, the child had no headache during this period which was otherwise of frequent occurrence. Lachesis 0/18 was administered in frequent doses which completely cured the boy of all the troubles stated above..
Case 2
A 14 old girl suffered from Epistaxis with profuse and bright red blood without any apparent cause. She stated that during hard study particularly in the days of examination,  she had frequent attacks of Epistaxis. The girl was menstruating regularly and normally. Further interrogation did not reveal any significant symptoms as the bleeding was reported to occur any time during day or night, during any season and under any condition. But going deep into the family history of the child it was learnt that her grand father had died of tuberculosis and her father usually suffered from bouts of loose coughing. Based on the family history Tuberculinum 1m was administered followed by occasional doses of Millefolium whenever the attack came, which cured her permanently.

Fibroids

Fibroids are abnormal growth which develop in or on a woman's uterus. If ignored, they can become very large and cause severe pain and heavy bleeding, impacting quality of life and disturbing daily activities.
Fibroid are very common non cancerous tumours arising from muscle layer of the uterus. One in three women suffer from Fibroids, 40 percent of all women over 35 years have a Fibroid of significant size but majority go unnoticed.
Symptoms
Mostly asymptomatic.
Menorrhagia
Heavy regular periods
Iron deficiency anemia
Pressure effects
Urinary frequency
Pelvic tumor awareness
Difficulty in initiating urination
Pain, infertility  and irregular bleeding
.
Types of Fibroids.
There are three types depending upon location,
Subserosal  Grows on the outer side of the uterus. They may Have grow large enough to make uterus appear bigger on one side..
Intramural  Grows inside the mucle layer of the uterus and responsible for causing severe cramping pain during menses.
Submucosal Grows towards the inner cavity of the uterus from the middle muscle layer. When large in size, they cause excessive bleeding leading to weakness.
Fibroids and Fertility
Depending upon the location of the Fibroid in the uterus. It can impact fertility by distorting the shape and size of uterus. Women who believe that they may have Uterine Fibroid should see a Doctor sooner, especially if they hope to conceive soon. Unfortunately, Fibroids can grow at a rapid rate, so one should have these tumours dealt with before they interfere with fertility.. Fibroids and pregnancy.
Most women with Fibroids may cause complications depending on the size and the location.
Treatment
Hysterectomy
Suitable for large, symptomatic fibroids affecting quality of life.
Uterus along with fibroids is removed completely.
Provides permanent cure for this problem with homoeopathic treatment.
Laparoscopic or keyhole surgery
Minimally invasive
Cosmetically better
Homoeopathic treatment.
Profuse haemorrhage, Epiphegus virginiana 30 c potency once or twice in a week.
In women with tendency to enlarged thyroid. Thyriodinum 3 x three tablets three times daily
Intractable bleeding Ficus r 3 x three tablets twice daily
And Thalaspi bursa mother tincture ten drops three times daily.

Hydrastinum mur 3 x twice daily
Pain from sacrum to pubes, flow bright but intermittent Sabina 30 four times a day
Dark flow but painless Hamamelis 3 c potency four times a day
Fibroids tumours in uterus near fundus Pulsatilla 30 c potency five pills or five drops twice daily
Womb packed with fibroid tumour in uterus, burning feet and sometimes shivering Kali Iod 30
For Fibroid tumour with painful menses Fraxinus American mother tincture ten drops in little water twice at night and Veratrum alb 30 every morning
Dr. Boericke recommended Calc iod and Trillium, Ergot and Lapis for fibroma
Dr. Nash suggests Phosphorus for growth like fibroids and other fungus growth.
Fibrous bodies Calc carb,  plat met, Staphysagaria and Thuja according to symptoms
Large Uterine Fibroid Tumour covering the entire womb,  frequently repeated haemorrhage as if the patient would bleed to death, discharge horribly offensive Lapis alb

Aurum mur Nat 6 c potency have a more power over Uterine tumours than any other remedy.

Cement

The preparation for possible use is made by triturating a good cement with sugar of milk on the decimal scale
Dose trituration and all potencies.
Uses Eczema, cement maker's itch  persons working in cement manufacturing factories and who works as a Mason's job.
Cement maker's itch is an occupational disease, entirely distinct from ordinary itch being neither parasitic nor contagious, but produced by the chemical or mechanical action of the cement upon the skin.
Cement maker's itch and ordinary itch have one symptom in common, intense Itching, especially at night. The itching appears to be increased by the heat of the bed and also is more annoying in summer than in winter. Scratching may produce Infected wounds and swelling. It is likely to be followed by eczema and other complications like asthma. Because eczema suppressed with allopathic medicines.
The mangers of cement works should always require their workmen to wear cotton gloves and garments tightly fastened at the neck and at the wrists. Cement workers on arches or ceilings should wear masks. Both gloves and masks should be frequently be washed.
In cases of eczema, itching cement 30 c potency five pills or five drops twice daily can be used.

Blood in semen

Blood in semen ( hematospermia) Blood in semen that is really give a lot of pressure and mental shock. Blood in semen does not lost long, as it's usually self resolving problem, blood in semen can be caused by many conditions, affecting male genitourinary system and areas affected include the bladder, urethra, the testicles the tubes that distribute semen from the testicles ( known as the seminal vesicles) the epididymis ( a segment of the spermatic duct that serves to store mature , and transport sperm) and the prostate gland.
The amount of blood in semen can very from small drop to enough to give semen to look of blood.
Signs and symptoms
Pain when ejaculating
Pain when urinating
Tenderness and swelling in scrotum
Tenderness in the groin area
Pain in lower back
Blood in urine
Exact cause for blood in the semen is never determined
Prostatitic which can cause pain and sexual dysfunctions.
Epidimitis most often caused by a bacterial infection
Calculi ( stones) in the prostatic
Seminal vesicles, bladder or urethra
Sexually transmitted infections like Chlamydia, gonorrhoea or herpes can also cause blood in semen or fungi can also lead this condition, if ducts like ejaculatory duct are blocked surrounding blood vessels can dialate and breach.
If prostate is enlarged it can cause hematospermia
Treatment
Sabal serrulata for various prostatic troubles
Conium chronic hypertrophy of the prostate with difficulty in voiding urine, it stops and starts accompanying catarrh or the bladder complaints of aged Conium should be considered.
Cimicifuga in prostatitic hypertrophy
Cantharis one of head remedy for blood in semen, pain and burning Selenium may also help present and treat chronic bacteria
Causticum pain in urine, blood mix with semen
Arnica.
Phosphorus and Lycopodium can be tried.

Pinpoint prescriptions.

Pinpoint prescriptions
I have designed specifically to give you a quick run through on some of the remedies mentioned here and the ailments that they help to conter. But I must once again stress that it is always to consult your Homoeopath before commencing on any of these medicines.
Abies nig 30 Hyperacidity worsen after eating, sensation of a lump which hurts at pit of the stomach.
Aconite 200 sudden fever due to exposure to dry cold wind
Very nervous with feae of disease.
Aesculus 30 very painful piles or fissure with constant backache.
Aethusa Infant or child brings out curd like vomit after each feed, and it's very offensive.
Allium capa 200 bouts of sneezing in damp cold weather bland watery discharge from eyes and an acrid discharge from nose.
Alumina silicate 30 cracks at the tips of fingers, they are painful and Itching, pus oozes out from them and relief dipping fingers in warm water.
Ammonium Carb 200 sneezing worse in the morning on washing the face. Nose is constantly blocked.
Ant crud 200 offensive breath, thickly coated tounge gastric upset and bloating after eating rich food pickles.
Apis 30 after insects bites specially a bee. It's very good for sudden skin allergy like Itching and swelling in spots, when it feels very hot and can be comforted only by cold water applications.
Arnica 200/1 m injuries of all kinds, falls, sprains contusion, lacrertaion, injury by blunt weapons, dislocation tooth extraction and even after surgical operations, insect stings and tiredness.
Ars alb 200/1 m immediately controls diarrhoea and vomiting if due to food poisoning.
Bartya carb 200 enlarged tonsils nose block, dribbling of saliva the child breaths through the mouth.
Belladonna 30/200 it works best when given as an anti Inflammatory in initial stages of Inflammation like tonsillitis, blisters, boils and bedsores.
Borax 200 Blisters or ulcers in the mouth specially of a nursing child.
Calendula mother tincture has proved to be best antiseptic and healing agents when applied externally to open wounds on ulcers after surgical procedures and in burns Calendula 10% mother tincture should be diluted with 90% water before using. Calendula ointment can also be used in the same way. Calendula Powder is very good for prickly heat.
Chamomilla 30 Teething problems in infants, they are extremely cranky, very irriatable, at times they also have greenish watery stools.
Coculus 200 traveling sickness specially going in a car around the mountains and in seasickness in short for any kind of motion sickness.
Gelsemium 200 Bad effects from fright, fear, excitement, nervousness, stage fright, examination fear causes uneasy feeling at the pit of the stomach, nausea and dullness in the head.
Hamamelis Q/30 for bleeding piles ,vericose veins
Hypericum 200/1 m injury in the nerves specially those of fingers, toes, nails, and crushed fingertips
. Ledum pal 200/1 m punctured wound, bites inflicted by angry animals, rusty that run dangerously into the soles of the feet or palms of the hands or a black eye from a blow or contusion.
Mag phos 30/200 as a first aid in colicky pain in the abdomen and also in earache, backache and cramps like radiating muscular pain..
Nux vom 30/200 indigestion dyspepsia loose stools or constipation, belching due to gas, burning in the chest. Feeling of stony hardness in stomach.
Picric acid 30 brain fag in students along with a throbbing headache.
Podophyllum 200 summer diarrhoea offensive watery yellowish loose stools they come out with force, a lot of rumbling and gurgling.
Robinia 6/30; Sore eructations, acidity
Symphoricarpus RAS 200 pregnancy sickness nausea and vomiting.
Symphytum 200 for smashed and bruised humanity. It's best used for fractures. It reduces pain and coarsennss and speeds up the union of bones.
Tabacum. Excellent for air sickness..

Breast cancer and its complications

Breasts cancer and its complications
Breasts cancer is the most common type of cancer among women more than 85000 every year develop breast cancer in India..More case occur in women over the age of 50 but breast cancer can occur in younger women as well.If you notice any lump or change to the normal breast, you should see a doctor promptly.
Types
Ductal carcinoma
Lobular carcinoma
Ductal carcinoma is most common type of breast cancer.Ductals are small tubes that carry milk from lobules to the nipple
Lobules are the glands makes breast milk.

Diagnosis
Your dr. will check both your breasts and lymph nodes in the armpit, feel for any lumps or other abnormalities.
Digital mammography is an X-ray of the breast. Mammograms are commonly used to screen for breast cancer
Breast ultrasound uses sound waves to produce images of structures deep within the body. Ultrasound may help distinguish between solid mass and fluid filled cyst. An ultrasound is often performed as a part of the examination of a new lump.
If dr feels that further tests are needed you may need a biopsy from which experts determine whether the cells are cancerous or not . The biospy sample is also analysed to determine the type of cells involved in the breast cancer.
Breast lump or thickening that feels different from the surrounding tissue.
Blood discharge from the nipple
Changes to the skin over the breast such as dimpling.
Change in the size shape or appearance of a breast..
Inverted nipple
Peeling, scaling of the pigmented area of the skin surrounding the nipple or breast skin

Treatment
Breast cancer treatment options are decided based on the type of breast cancer
Women with breast cancer have several treatment options these include,
Surgery
Radiation therapy
Hormone therapy
Chemotherapy
Targeted therapy.
Removing the entire breast ( mastectomy) . This surgery is done to remove all breast tissue and axillary nodes.
Removing both breasts, some women with cancer in one breast may choose to have their other ( healthy) breast removed ( contralateral prophylactic mastectomy) if they have an increased risk of cancer in the other breast because of a genetic predisposition or strong family history. Some women undergo breast reconstruction surgery at the same time.
Homoeopathic treatment
Conium is specific actions on the female breast dessipating its swelling and tumours and relieving pain. Conium pain is worse at night.
Phytolacca Hypertrophy seems full of overflowing.
Fragaria it diminishes the size of the breast and dried up the milk
Bryonia breast become hard and painful. Mastitis commenting with chill, stitching pain, tense swelling and headache
Graphites and Hepar sulph
Great aching all over the body with any of these conditions is greatly characteristic.
Crot tig pain shoots from nipple to the shoulder.
Phellandrium stitching pain in the nipple pain along with milk duct.
Arnica Tumours of the mammary gland from bruises discoloration of the parts and everything adds to the soreness.
Calc flour This medicine correspondence to hard indurated, swelling in breasts, it has an excellent clinical records in dissipating Chronic cases of growth..
Siliceia Mastitis with fistulous opening and callous edges it will often dispose hard lump in the breast.
Sabal serrulata is said to materially and in growth of undeveloped mammary glands.
Belladonna when red streaks radiate from a central point accompanied by pulsating pains, it has aborted more mammary neoplasms than any other remedy.
Pulsatilla is an excellent remedy in scanty flow or absence of milk the patient being gloomy or tearful, it is useful where mechanical irritation excited the flow of milk in young girls.
Urtica urens breasts fibroidenoma and breast cancer.
Kresosote dwilinding of mammae with small hard painful lumps

Fissure or piles

Fissure or piles
For most of us, any problem in the anal region is either piles or fissure , the self diagnosis usually depending upon which of the two words is ingrained in our vocabulary.A wrong diagnosis not only adds to the misery but makes a simple problem complx.
Piles or haemorrhoids are swollen blood vessels near the anal opening. Whereas fissure is a tear in the delicate skin of the anal opening. Depending upon the severity of the disease, piles are graded from 1 to 4 , grade 1 having just swollen vessels while grade 4 has a mass coming out of the opening.
The predominant Symptom of a fissure is intense pain while defecating. The magnitude of pain is such that one fears going into the toilet.
Piles are usually charactersied by bleeding after passing a stools. The blood is fresh and there is no pain. Sometimes one may feel a mass at the anal opening.
Diagnosis
A history of Symptoms and visual examination is enough to diagnose fissure. In addition a simple painless technique called proctoscopy is done in case of hemorrhoids, for a more accurate diagnosis and grading
Homoeopathic medicines for fissure.
Graphites, Sanguinaria nit, Paeonia
Siliceia, Acid Nit, Rathania, Alumina, Platina, Thuja , Lachesis.
Piles (haemorrhoids)
Nux vom, Sulphur, Hamamelis, Mucuna, Ficus related, Acetic acid, Nitr acid, Calc carb, Phosphorus, Kali carb, Aloe ,Mur acid, Sanguinaria, Ignatia, Lachesis, Aesculus hip, Apis, Causticum, Ars alb, Podophyllum, Leptendra, Cactus grand, Ammonium carb, Capsicum ,Carb veg, merc Sol, Gels , Hypericum
According to Symptoms.